diff --git a/crates/relicario-cli/src/commands/add.rs b/crates/relicario-cli/src/commands/add.rs
index 6d58154..9f62d97 100644
--- a/crates/relicario-cli/src/commands/add.rs
+++ b/crates/relicario-cli/src/commands/add.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 
 use crate::AddKind;
 use crate::parse::{base32_decode_lenient, guess_mime, parse_month_year};
-use crate::prompt::{prompt, prompt_optional, prompt_secret};
+use crate::prompt::{prompt, prompt_optional, prompt_or_flag, prompt_or_flag_optional, prompt_secret};
 
 pub fn cmd_add(kind: AddKind) -> Result<()> {
     let vault = crate::session::UnlockedVault::unlock_interactive()?;
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ fn build_login_item(
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
     use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
-    let username = username.or_else(|| prompt_optional("Username").ok().flatten());
-    let url = url.or_else(|| prompt_optional("URL").ok().flatten());
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
+    let username = prompt_or_flag_optional(username, "Username", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
+    let url = prompt_or_flag_optional(url, "URL", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let parsed_url = match url {
         Some(s) => Some(url::Url::parse(&s).with_context(|| format!("invalid URL: {s}"))?),
         None => None,
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn build_secure_note_item(
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
     use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let body = if body_prompt {
         eprintln!("Enter note body; end with Ctrl-D on a blank line:");
         let mut s = String::new();
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ fn build_identity_item(
     use relicario_core::item_types::IdentityCore;
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let dob = match date_of_birth {
         Some(s) => Some(chrono::NaiveDate::parse_from_str(&s, "%Y-%m-%d")
             .with_context(|| format!("invalid date {s} (expected YYYY-MM-DD)"))?),
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn build_card_item(
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
     use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let number = Zeroizing::new(prompt_secret("Card number: ")?);
     let cvv = Zeroizing::new(prompt_secret("CVV (blank to skip): ")?);
     let cvv = if cvv.is_empty() { None } else { Some(cvv) };
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ fn build_key_item(
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
     use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     eprintln!("Paste key material; end with Ctrl-D on a blank line:");
     let mut key_material = String::new();
     std::io::Read::read_to_string(&mut std::io::stdin(), &mut key_material)?;
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ fn build_document_item(
     use relicario_core::{encrypt_attachment, AttachmentRef, Item, ItemCore};
     use std::fs;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let bytes = fs::read(&file)
         .with_context(|| format!("failed to read {}", file.display()))?;
     let caps = vault.load_settings()?.attachment_caps;
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ fn build_totp_item(
     use relicario_core::{Item, ItemCore};
     use zeroize::Zeroizing;
 
-    let title = title.map(Ok).unwrap_or_else(|| prompt("Title"))?;
+    let title = prompt_or_flag(title, "Title", |s| Ok(s.to_string()))?;
     let secret_b32 = match secret {
         Some(s) => s,
         None => prompt_secret("TOTP secret (base32): ")?,
diff --git a/crates/relicario-cli/src/prompt.rs b/crates/relicario-cli/src/prompt.rs
index 8e21f90..6f3e52e 100644
--- a/crates/relicario-cli/src/prompt.rs
+++ b/crates/relicario-cli/src/prompt.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@
 //! used by the edit handlers to keep current values when the user hits enter
 //! at a blank prompt. `prompt_secret` honours `RELICARIO_TEST_ITEM_SECRET`
 //! so integration tests (which don't have a TTY) can inject secrets.
+//! `prompt_or_flag` and `prompt_or_flag_optional` thread a CLI-flag value
+//! through the same path so command handlers can use one call site whether
+//! the value came from the command line or from an interactive prompt.
 
 use anyhow::Result;
+use std::io::BufRead;
 
 /// `rpassword::prompt_password` wrapper that honours `RELICARIO_TEST_ITEM_SECRET`
 /// for integration-test use (rpassword reads /dev/tty by default, which is
@@ -18,25 +22,37 @@ pub(crate) fn prompt_secret(label: &str) -> Result<String> {
     rpassword::prompt_password(label).map_err(Into::into)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn prompt(label: &str) -> Result<String> {
+fn read_required_line<R: BufRead>(reader: &mut R, label: &str) -> Result<String> {
     eprint!("{label}: ");
     std::io::Write::flush(&mut std::io::stderr())?;
     let mut s = String::new();
-    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s)?;
+    reader.read_line(&mut s)?;
     let trimmed = s.trim().to_string();
     if trimmed.is_empty() { anyhow::bail!("{label} required"); }
     Ok(trimmed)
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn prompt_optional(label: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+fn read_optional_line<R: BufRead>(reader: &mut R, label: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
     eprint!("{label} (leave blank to skip): ");
     std::io::Write::flush(&mut std::io::stderr())?;
     let mut s = String::new();
-    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s)?;
+    reader.read_line(&mut s)?;
     let trimmed = s.trim().to_string();
     Ok(if trimmed.is_empty() { None } else { Some(trimmed) })
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn prompt(label: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
+    let mut reader = std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
+    read_required_line(&mut reader, label)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn prompt_optional(label: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
+    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
+    let mut reader = std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
+    read_optional_line(&mut reader, label)
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn prompt_keep(label: &str, current: &str) -> Result<Option<String>> {
     eprint!("{label} [{current}]: ");
     std::io::Write::flush(&mut std::io::stderr())?;
@@ -63,3 +79,117 @@ pub(crate) fn prompt_yesno(label: &str) -> Result<bool> {
     std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s)?;
     Ok(matches!(s.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str(), "y" | "yes"))
 }
+
+pub(crate) fn prompt_or_flag<T>(
+    flag: Option<T>,
+    label: &str,
+    parser: impl FnOnce(&str) -> Result<T>,
+) -> Result<T> {
+    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
+    let mut reader = std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
+    prompt_or_flag_with_reader(flag, label, parser, &mut reader)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn prompt_or_flag_optional<T>(
+    flag: Option<T>,
+    label: &str,
+    parser: impl FnOnce(&str) -> Result<T>,
+) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
+    let mut reader = std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
+    prompt_or_flag_optional_with_reader(flag, label, parser, &mut reader)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn prompt_or_flag_with_reader<T, R: BufRead>(
+    flag: Option<T>,
+    label: &str,
+    parser: impl FnOnce(&str) -> Result<T>,
+    reader: &mut R,
+) -> Result<T> {
+    if let Some(t) = flag {
+        return Ok(t);
+    }
+    let line = read_required_line(reader, label)?;
+    parser(&line)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn prompt_or_flag_optional_with_reader<T, R: BufRead>(
+    flag: Option<T>,
+    label: &str,
+    parser: impl FnOnce(&str) -> Result<T>,
+    reader: &mut R,
+) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+    if let Some(t) = flag {
+        return Ok(Some(t));
+    }
+    match read_optional_line(reader, label)? {
+        None => Ok(None),
+        Some(line) => parser(&line).map(Some),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prompt_or_flag_uses_flag_value_when_some() {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+        let got = prompt_or_flag_with_reader::<String, _>(
+            Some("from-flag".to_string()),
+            "Title",
+            |_| panic!("parser must not run when flag is Some"),
+            &mut reader,
+        ).expect("flag value path should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(got, "from-flag");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prompt_or_flag_prompts_when_none() {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(b"prompted\n".to_vec());
+        let got = prompt_or_flag_with_reader::<String, _>(
+            None,
+            "Title",
+            |s| Ok(s.to_string()),
+            &mut reader,
+        ).expect("prompt path should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(got, "prompted");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prompt_or_flag_optional_returns_some_from_flag_without_reading() {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+        let got = prompt_or_flag_optional_with_reader::<String, _>(
+            Some("flag-val".to_string()),
+            "URL",
+            |_| panic!("parser must not run when flag is Some"),
+            &mut reader,
+        ).expect("flag value path should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(got, Some("flag-val".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prompt_or_flag_optional_prompts_and_blank_yields_none() {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(b"\n".to_vec());
+        let got = prompt_or_flag_optional_with_reader::<String, _>(
+            None,
+            "URL",
+            |_| panic!("parser must not run on blank input"),
+            &mut reader,
+        ).expect("blank prompt should succeed with None");
+        assert_eq!(got, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prompt_or_flag_optional_prompts_and_value_runs_parser() {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(b"  42  \n".to_vec());
+        let got = prompt_or_flag_optional_with_reader::<u32, _>(
+            None,
+            "Number",
+            |s| s.parse::<u32>().map_err(Into::into),
+            &mut reader,
+        ).expect("value should parse");
+        assert_eq!(got, Some(42));
+    }
+}