Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into slice-1-webrtc-loopback
# Conflicts: # README.md
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# Development
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The dev loop: how to iterate on the Rust workspace, run tests, and find
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your way around the codebase.
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> **Status:** Slice 1 is the active build target. The workspace is
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> landing task-by-task on the `slice-1-webrtc-loopback` branch. Once it
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> merges to `main`, everything below applies directly. Until then,
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> `git checkout slice-1-webrtc-loopback` to follow along.
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> Implementation plan: [`docs/superpowers/plans/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback.md`](superpowers/plans/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback.md).
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---
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## Workspace layout
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Cargo workspace at the repo root, shaped to ADR-0002's fused per-call
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vertical. One binary crate + five library crates.
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```
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rutster/
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├── Cargo.toml # [workspace] + [workspace.dependencies]
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├── deny.toml # cargo-deny config (licenses/bans/sources)
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├── rust-toolchain.toml # pinned stable
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├── LEARNING.md # index of "to learn concept X, read file Y"
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├── crates/
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│ ├── rutster/ # binary: axum signaling server + media driver
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│ │ ├── src/main.rs
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│ │ ├── src/session_map.rs # DashMap<ChannelId, RtcSession>
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│ │ ├── src/routes.rs # HTTP routes
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│ │ └── static/index.html # browser test client
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│ ├── rutster-media/ # str0m WebRTC + Opus⇄PCM codec boundary
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│ │ ├── src/pcm.rs # PcmFrame, AudioSource/Sink traits, EchoAudioPipe
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│ │ ├── src/opus_codec.rs # OpusDecoder / OpusEncoder wrappers
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│ │ ├── src/rtc_session.rs # RtcSession (per-peer owner)
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│ │ └── src/loop_driver.rs # str0m poll loop
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│ ├── rutster-call-model/ # the Channel/Leg object embryo
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│ ├── rutster-signaling-sip/ # stub until spearhead step 5
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│ ├── rutster-tap/ # stub until spearhead step 2
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│ └── rutster-spend/ # stub until spearhead step 6
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└── fuzz/ # placeholder cargo-fuzz dir (real harnesses: step 5)
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```
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The three stub crates (`rutster-signaling-sip`, `rutster-tap`,
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`rutster-spend`) exist to lock the ADR-0002 boundary shape without
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anticipating code. Each is a `lib.rs` with a `//!` module doc comment
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describing what will land there and when. Don't fill them in early —
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see [`AGENTS.md`](../AGENTS.md) "Slice-1 boundaries — what NOT to add."
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### Dependency direction
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- `rutster` (binary) → `rutster-media`, `rutster-call-model`
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- `rutster-media` → `rutster-call-model`
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- `rutster-call-model` is a leaf (depends on nothing in the workspace)
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- The three stubs depend on nothing in slice 1
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---
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## Build / test / lint commands
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The four CI gates — all must pass before merge. Run them locally before
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pushing:
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```bash
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cargo fmt --check # formatting check
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cargo clippy -- -D warnings # lints (warnings = failures)
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cargo test --all # all unit + integration tests
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cargo deny check # licenses, advisories, bans, sources
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```
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To auto-fix formatting + lint warnings:
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```bash
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cargo fmt # apply formatting
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cargo clippy --fix # apply lint suggestions
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cargo clippy --fix --all-features # apply across all features
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```
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### Per-crate iteration
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When working on one crate, skip the rest for faster cycles:
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```bash
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cargo test -p rutster-media # one crate's tests
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cargo test -p rutster-media -- --nocapture # see println! output
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cargo run -p rutster # run the binary
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cargo build -p rutster-call-model # type-check one crate
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cargo doc -p rutster-media --open # render one crate's docs
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```
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### Render full API docs
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```bash
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cargo doc --no-deps --open
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```
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Every module has `//!` module docs explaining what it does + why it
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exists in the architecture. `cargo doc` is genuinely useful here, not
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just ceremony — the user is learning Rust from this codebase and slice 1
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carries thorough educational comments per spec §7.
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---
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## Running the binary
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```bash
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cargo run -p rutster
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# listening on http://0.0.0.0:8080
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```
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Open <http://localhost:8080/> in a browser → click "Start call" → grant
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mic → hear yourself echo. See [`QUICKSTART.md`](QUICKSTART.md) for
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the full walkthrough + troubleshooting.
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Verbose tracing:
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```bash
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RUST_LOG=rutster=debug cargo run -p rutster
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```
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Filter to one module:
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```bash
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RUST_LOG=rutster_media::loop_driver=trace,rutster=info cargo run -p rutster
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```
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---
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## The 20 ms media loop & the "drop + observe" rule
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The hot path is the str0m poll loop in
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`crates/rutster-media/src/loop_driver.rs`. It runs every ~10 ms (tokio
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interval, slice-1 deviation per spec §3.4 — step 4 lands a dedicated
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timing thread).
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Error policy on the hot path: **never** `?`-propagate. Match-and-continue.
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A dropped packet must not terminate the peer. Policy: "drop + observe
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(log + counter), don't crash." The eventual fuzz harness (step 5) will
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test against this exact posture.
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Cold path (signaling, setup, request handlers) uses `thiserror`-derived
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error enums + `?` propagation, converted to HTTP status codes at the
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axum boundary.
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See [`AGENTS.md`](../AGENTS.md) "Error handling" for the full policy.
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---
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## Shipped vs. deferred
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Slice 1 proves the **media core** only: WebRTC termination + the
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Opus⇄PCM codec boundary. The tap, the brain, barge-in, the trunk, and
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the spend cap are all explicitly deferred — each lands in a subsequent
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spearhead step.
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The full "what's deferred + when it returns" table is in
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[`docs/superpowers/specs/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback-design.md` §1.2](superpowers/specs/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback-design.md).
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The short version — **don't add these in slice 1:**
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- ❌ Dedicated timing thread (step 4)
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- ❌ TLS on the HTTP signaling surface (step 5)
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- ❌ Authn / authz / multi-tenancy (step 6)
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- ❌ Trickle ICE (when NATs demand it)
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- ❌ The tap itself (step 2 — slice 1 only *pre-paves* the seam)
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- ❌ The brain / STT / LLM / TTS (step 3)
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- ❌ Barge-in / VAD (step 4)
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- ❌ PSTN trunk / SIP (step 5)
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- ❌ Spend cap (step 6)
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- ❌ Event bus / Valkey / CDR emission (step 5)
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- ❌ Transfer / park / pickup / barge features (escalation rung 2)
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- ❌ Browser automation e2e tests (post-slice-1)
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- ❌ Docker / compose (later rung)
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If you find yourself reaching for any of these, the right answer is
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"no, see slice-1 spec §1.2."
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---
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## Dev loop gotchas
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- **libopus system dependency.** The `opus` crate links system libopus
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via FFI. If you see `error: linking with cc failed: exit code`, install
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`libopus-dev` (Debian/Ubuntu) / `opus-devel` (Fedora) / `brew install opus`
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(macOS). See [`QUICKSTART.md`](QUICKSTART.md) for platform-specific
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commands.
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- **`cargo deny` first-time setup.** Run `cargo install cargo-deny --locked`
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once. `cargo deny check` then validates licenses, advisories, and
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duplicate-version bans.
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- **Editor IDE.** `rust-analyzer` is recommended — it's what the plan was
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written against. Open the repo root in your editor; `rust-analyzer`
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picks up `rust-toolchain.toml` and the workspace manifest
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automatically.
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- **Slow first build.** str0m + axum + tokio compile fresh on first
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build (~2 minutes). Incremental builds are fast. Use
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`cargo check -p <crate>` instead of `cargo build` for type-check-only.
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# Quickstart
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Get Rutster running and hear your own voice echoed back in under 5 minutes.
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> **Status:** Slice 1 (WebRTC media loopback) is the active build target.
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> If the workspace isn't on `main` yet, check the `slice-1-webrtc-loopback`
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> branch — that's where the implementation is landing task-by-task.
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> See [`docs/superpowers/specs/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback-design.md`](superpowers/specs/2026-06-28-slice-1-webrtc-loopback-design.md)
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> for the full design.
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---
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## Prerequisites
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### 1. Rust toolchain
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Install via [rustup](https://rustup.rs/):
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```bash
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curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
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```
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The repo pins a specific stable channel in `rust-toolchain.toml` — `rustup`
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will pick it up automatically on first `cargo` invocation. No manual
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toolchain selection needed.
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### 2. libopus (FFI dependency)
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The `opus` crate links system libopus via FFI (per PORT_PLAN §7's
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"🦀 Core (FFI)" disposition — Opus is the codec surface Rust doesn't need
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to re-implement). Install the dev headers:
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| Platform | Command |
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|---|---|
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| Debian/Ubuntu | `sudo apt-get install -y libopus-dev` |
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| Fedora | `sudo dnf install -y opus-devel` |
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| Arch | `sudo pacman -S opus` |
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| macOS (Homebrew) | `brew install opus` |
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Verify: `pkg-config --cflags opus` should print a path with no error.
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That's the only system dependency in slice 1. Everything else is pure
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Rust from crates.io.
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---
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## Run the server
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```bash
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cargo run
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# listening on http://0.0.0.0:8080
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```
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First build takes ~2 minutes (str0m + axum + tokio compile fresh).
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Subsequent builds are incremental.
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---
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## Hear the echo
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1. Open a browser to <http://localhost:8080/>.
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2. Click **Start call**.
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3. Grant microphone permission when the browser prompts.
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4. Speak — you should hear yourself back within ~200 ms
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(no perceptible delay).
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5. Click **Hang up** to tear down. The server logs
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`Closing → Closed` for the session.
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Verbose tracing for debugging:
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```bash
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RUST_LOG=rutster=debug cargo run
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```
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---
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## Troubleshooting
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| Symptom | Likely cause / fix |
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| `error: linking with cc failed` / `could not find opus` | libopus dev headers not installed. Re-run the install command above. |
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| Browser shows no mic prompt | Another tab/app holding the mic, or mic permissions disabled for `localhost`. Check browser settings. |
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| `ICE connection failed` in the browser | Shouldn't happen on loopback (host candidates only). If it does, check the server console for the str0m error. |
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| Click Start call, nothing happens | Open the browser console (F12). The page logs ICE state + connection state to a `<pre>` element. Look for the failure there. |
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| Port 8080 already in use | Another process holding the port. Either stop it or edit `crates/rutster/src/main.rs` to bind a different port. |
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The browser test page at `GET /` is a single self-contained HTML file
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with inline JS — no build step. View source to see exactly what the
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client side is doing.
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---
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## What's happening
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When you click "Start call":
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1. Browser captures microphone audio via `getUserMedia`.
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2. Browser creates an `RTCPeerConnection` and generates an SDP offer
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(audio-only, Opus codec).
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3. Browser POSTs the offer to `POST /v1/sessions/:id/offer`.
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4. The Rutster core (built on [`str0m`](https://docs.rs/str0m), a sans-IO
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WebRTC implementation) accepts the offer, generates an SDP answer with
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its DTLS fingerprint + ICE credentials.
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5. Browser sets the answer as remote description; ICE + DTLS handshake
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completes.
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6. RTP starts flowing: browser → core terminates DTLS-SRTP → decodes
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Opus to 16-bit PCM @ 24 kHz mono → echoes PCM back → re-encodes to
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Opus → DTLS-SRTP → browser plays it.
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The "codec-to-PCM boundary" is the canonical point where, in a future
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slice, the audio tap for an external AI brain splices in. Slice 1 just
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echoes; step 2 of the spearhead swaps the echo for a real tap.
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For the why, see [`ARCHITECTURE.md`](ARCHITECTURE.md). For the dev loop,
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see [`DEVELOPMENT.md`](DEVELOPMENT.md).
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